> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.hasdata.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Google Scholar API

Provides real-time access to Google Scholar search results, including papers, citations, and related scholarly metadata.

## Get Your API Key

Sign in at [hasdata.com](https://app.hasdata.com/sign-in), go to your account settings, and copy your API key.
All requests must include your key in the `x-api-key` header.

## Request Cost and API Credits

Each request to the Google Scholar API consumes **API Credits** from your account balance.

* **Cost per request:** 5 API Credits
* Credits are deducted only for successful requests.
* Your total available credits depend on your active plan.

<Tip>You can use your credits across all HasData APIs. The same credit balance is shared platform-wide.</Tip>
<Warning>**Unused credits do not roll over.** Any remaining credits expire at the end of the current billing period.</Warning>

To monitor your credit usage and remaining balance, sign in to your account dashboard at [app.hasdata.com](https://app.hasdata.com/sign-in).

## Make Your First Request

<CodeGroup>
  ```bash cURL theme={null}
  curl --request GET -G \
    --url 'https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar' \
    --data-urlencode 'q=machine learning' \
    --data-urlencode 'asYlo=2020' \
    --data-urlencode 'asYhi=2024' \
    --data-urlencode 'asSdt=0,5' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --header 'x-api-key: <your-api-key>'
  ```

  ```javascript Node.js theme={null}
  const axios = require('axios').default;

  const options = {
    method: 'GET',
    url: 'https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar',
    params: {q: 'machine learning', asYlo: '2020', asYhi: '2024', asSdt: '0,5'},
    headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'x-api-key': '<your-api-key>'}
  };

  try {
    const { data } = await axios.request(options);
    console.log(data);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }
  ```

  ```python Python theme={null}
  import requests

  url = "https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar"

  querystring = {"q":"machine learning","asYlo":"2020","asYhi":"2024","asSdt":"0,5"}

  headers = {
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      "x-api-key": "<your-api-key>"
  }

  response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=querystring)

  print(response.json())
  ```

  ```php PHP theme={null}
  <?php

  $params = [
      "q" => "machine learning",
      "asYlo" => "2020",
      "asYhi" => "2024",
      "asSdt" => "0,5",
  ];

  $curl = curl_init();

  curl_setopt_array($curl, [
    CURLOPT_URL => "https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar?" . http_build_query($params),
    CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
    CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => "GET",
    CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => [
      "Content-Type: application/json",
      "x-api-key: <your-api-key>",
    ],
  ]);

  $response = curl_exec($curl);
  curl_close($curl);

  echo $response;
  ```

  ```java Java theme={null}
  OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  HttpUrl url = HttpUrl.parse("https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar")
    .newBuilder()
    .addQueryParameter("q", "machine learning")
    .addQueryParameter("asYlo", "2020")
    .addQueryParameter("asYhi", "2024")
    .addQueryParameter("asSdt", "0,5")
    .build();

  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url(url)
    .get()
    .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
    .addHeader("x-api-key", "<your-api-key>")
    .build();

  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  ```

  ```csharp C# theme={null}
  using System.Net.Http;
  using System.Web;

  var client = new HttpClient();

  var query = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(string.Empty);
  query["q"] = "machine learning";
  query["asYlo"] = "2020";
  query["asYhi"] = "2024";
  query["asSdt"] = "0,5";

  var url = $"https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar?{query}";

  var request = new HttpRequestMessage(new HttpMethod("GET"), url);
  request.Headers.Add("x-api-key", "<your-api-key>");

  using var response = await client.SendAsync(request);
  response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
  var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
  Console.WriteLine(content);
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby theme={null}
  require 'net/http'
  require 'uri'

  uri = URI("https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar")
  params = {
    "q" => "machine learning",
    "asYlo" => "2020",
    "asYhi" => "2024",
    "asSdt" => "0,5",
  }
  uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params)

  http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
  http.use_ssl = true

  request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
  request["Content-Type"] = 'application/json'
  request["x-api-key"] = '<your-api-key>'

  response = http.request(request)
  puts response.read_body
  ```

  ```rust Rust theme={null}
  use reqwest::blocking::Client;

  fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
      let client = Client::new();
      let res = client
          .get("https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar")
          .query(&[("q", "machine learning")])
          .query(&[("asYlo", "2020")])
          .query(&[("asYhi", "2024")])
          .query(&[("asSdt", "0,5")])
          .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
          .header("x-api-key", "<your-api-key>")
          .send()?
          .text()?;
      println!("{}", res);
      Ok(())
  }
  ```

  ```go Go theme={null}
  package main

  import (
  	"fmt"
  	"io"
  	"net/http"
  	"net/url"
  )

  func main() {
  	params := url.Values{}
  	params.Set("q", "machine learning")
  	params.Set("asYlo", "2020")
  	params.Set("asYhi", "2024")
  	params.Set("asSdt", "0,5")

  	u := "https://api.hasdata.com/scrape/google/scholar?" + params.Encode()

  	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
  	req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
  	req.Header.Add("x-api-key", "<your-api-key>")

  	res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
  	defer res.Body.Close()

  	body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
  	fmt.Println(string(body))
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## API Parameters

| Parameter | Default Value    | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                           |
| --------- | ---------------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `q`       | machine learning | Yes      | Search query. Supports Google Scholar search helpers such as `author:` and `source:`.                                                                                 |
| `hl`      | -                | No       | The two-letter language code for the language you want to use for the search.                                                                                         |
| `lr`      | -                | No       | The 'lr' parameter specifies the language of the websites to return results from. This parameter filters results based on the language of the web content.            |
| `start`   | -                | No       | Result offset for pagination, where 0 is the first result.                                                                                                            |
| `num`     | -                | No       | Maximum number of results to return per page.                                                                                                                         |
| `asYlo`   | 2020             | No       | Return results published from this year onward.                                                                                                                       |
| `asYhi`   | 2024             | No       | Return results published up to and including this year.                                                                                                               |
| `scisbd`  | -                | No       | Sort results by date instead of relevance: 1 for abstracts only, 2 for everything. Omit for relevance sorting.                                                        |
| `cluster` | -                | No       | Unique article ID to look up all indexed versions of that article, as returned in a result's `versions.clusterId`.                                                    |
| `cites`   | -                | No       | Unique article ID to look up articles that cite it, as returned in a result's `citedBy.citesId`.                                                                      |
| `asSdt`   | 0,5              | No       | Search type/filter, e.g. `0,5` for the default Articles filter, `4` for case law with court codes, or `0`/`7` for patents.                                            |
| `safe`    | -                | No       | Adult content filtering option.                                                                                                                                       |
| `filter`  | -                | No       | Defines whether to enable or disable the filters for 'Similar Results' and 'Omitted Results'. Set to 1 (default) to enable these filters, or 0 to disable them.<br /> |
| `asVis`   | -                | No       | Set to 1 to exclude citations from the results, or 0 (default) to include them.                                                                                       |
| `asRr`    | -                | No       | Set to 1 to return review articles only, or 0 (default) to return all articles.                                                                                       |